Cosmic Era (representing a time when humanity seeks to master the galaxies).Galactic Era (representing a time where humanity ventures beyond the solar system).Transhuman Era (representing a time dominated by transhumanism and artifical intelligences).

Nanotech Era (representing a time when nanotechnology dominates global politics, military and economics).

Information Era (corresponding with the 1990s, the present, and beyond).

Atomic Era (corresponding with most of the 20th century, also known as the Contemporary Era ).

Industrial Era (corresponding with parts of the Late Modern Era ).

Renaissance Era (corresponding with the Early Modern Era ).

Medieval Era (corresponding with the Postclassical Era ).

Classical Era (corresponding with Classical Antiquity ).

Ancient Era (corresponding with the Neolithic and Bronze Age).

Prehistoric Era (corresponding with the Paleolithic ).

A completely overhauled tech tree, featuring more than 734 technologies across 13 eras in total (eras not found in vanilla Civilization are marked in bold though it should be noted that even those eras native to vanilla Civ are completely overhauled themselves).

Some of Caveman2Cosmos' major features include

Civ4 caveman 2 cosmos